Victoria to study health impact of climate change

Here is an article by Peter Ker (from the Age) on Victoria to study the health impacts of climate change. This is interesting because I was just sent a job advertisement from New South Wales Department of Health to "Provide & develop policy advice on human health aspects of air quality and environmental hazards. Undertake project development and implementation. Assist in the implementation of environmental policies. Communicate with the public and stakeholders."

I wonder if this includes the health impacts of climate change.

Applications for the job closed on friday (I only received it on Saturday).

Anyway, here it is:

Peter Ker
The Age

October 27, 2008


Fears that climate change will damage the health of Victorians have prompted a major investigation by the state's health officials.

Amid warnings that climate change could lead to more cases of heat-related illness, mosquito-borne viruses, food poisoning and depression around the world, Victoria's Department of Human Services has confirmed it has commissioned its own investigation into the extent to which Victorians might be affected.

In a move described as both "heartening" and "long overdue" by prominent health experts, work on the project is due to begin in January under the working title "climate change impacts on population health and vulnerabilities".

The study has been asked to identify the Victorian health system's major "vulnerabilities" to climate change, as well as the adaptive capacity of Victorians and their Government.

It has also been charged with establishing how certain the relationship is between climate change and health issues.

The Age believes that DHS has already started pilot programs into the development of "heatwave emergency systems".

DHS held a conference on the issue last October. Spokesman Bram Alexander said the large number of heat-related deaths in Europe over recent years had drawn attention to the role of climate change in health policy.

"Severe heatwaves in Europe have caused deaths in recent years, and we are keen to be well prepared for the impacts that climate change may have upon public health and the challenges it may bring," he said.

"Climate change could have varying impacts on public health in different parts of Victoria. Regions like Mildura may need a different approach to that in South Gippsland."

The investigation was likely to run for several years, Mr Alexander said. It would formulate strategies for five, 10 and 15-year increments.

The move follows calls from a wide range of groups, including the Australian Medical Association, the Climate Institute and the Australian Conservation Foundation, for governments to better address the issue.

This year the World Health Organisation declared the theme of this year's World Health Day to be "protecting health from climate change".

Experts have warned that climate change may bring a new range of "green" crimes, from rorts of environmental labelling to fraud on the multibillion-dollar emission trading scheme and theft of water and other scarce materials and even increased domestic violence.

The warning is contained in a report from the the Australian Strategic Policy Institute on the impact of climate change on Australia's eight police forces and 45,000 officers.

Authors Anthony Bergin and Ross Allen said that in a booming emissions-trading market, there would always be a high possibility of fraud by a "green shoe brigade".

The authors said weather extremes could encourage criminal behaviour, including increased domestic violence and a rise in other anti-social behaviour that could increase after disasters.

Last year Australian Federal Police Commissioner Mick Keelty said climate change could eclipse terrorism as the security issue of the century.

Source:

http://www.theage.com.au/environment/state-to-study-health-impact-of-climate-change-20081026-5932.html

Update:

I found this:

Climate Change and Health: An exploration of challenges for public health in Victoria

See also:

Health effects of climate change in the UK - 2001/2002 report

Top scientists urge Govt to remain focused on climate change

ABC News

More than 40 of Australia's top scientists are urging the Federal Government not to let the world financial crisis stop urgent action on climate change.

The scientists have all signed a nine-point action plan that calls for reducing carbon emissions locally and globally by 25 to 30 per cent by 2020.

Dr Andrew Glickson from the Australian National University co-authored the plan and says there's a climate crisis that needs just as much attention as the problems on Wall Street.

"That $700 billion which the US is directing towards failed credit markets, that's about the magnitude of expenditure which is urgently required in order to do something effective but it seems that the environment has been taken for granted," he said.

One of the group says moves to solve the global financial crisis show what the world can do when it has the will to act

Professor Barry Brook, head of climate change studies at Adelaide University, says the credit crisis shows that political will can bring swift results.

"They've shown they can do that with the banking system," he said.

"It's not such a large step to say 'let's do they same with the energy supply crisis', which in turn feeds on to problems which are underpinning climate change and more broadly environmental sustainability."

Professor Brook says scientists are concerned that global warming seems to be slipping off the global agenda.

"So I think it's disappointing in the sense that right now the interest is not in solving the climate problem in a serious way," he said.

"It's about solving capitalist business as usual but nevertheless it's encouraging in that it shows that there is a possibility that society will make that leap," he said.

http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/10/21/2397523.htm?section=australia

2008 Wallace Wurth Memorial Lecture

Dr Rajendra Pachauri, Chairman of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Dr Rajendra Pachauri, Chairman of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), will deliver the 2008 Wallace Wurth Memorial Lecture in UNSW’s John Niland Scientia Building on Thursday 23 October at 7:30pm.



Dr Pachaui's lecture is entitled Our Vulnerable Earth - Climate Change, the IPCC and the role of Generation Green. He will also receive an Honorary Doctorate of Science from the University in recognition of his eminent service to the community. As IPCC Chairman since April 2002, Dr Pachauri has a major leadership role in developing an international response to climate change issues. A citizen of India, Dr Pachauri is also Director General of the Tata Energy Research Institute. Established by the World Meteorological Organisation and United Nations Environment Program, the IPCC was created to understand the scientific basis of risk of human-induced climate change.



Dr Pachauri accepted the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize on behalf of the IPCC with prominent environmental campaigner and former U.S. Vice-President Al Gore Jr.



The lecture series is named after Wallace Charles Wurth, the University's first Chancellor. Previous speakers have included Sir Robert Menzies, the Dalai Lama, Noam Chomsky, Gerry Adams, Jose Ramos-Horta, Gareth Evans and James Wolfensohn (I went to that one).

What:
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Our Vulnerable Earth - Climate Change, the IPCC and the role of Generation Green by Dr Rajendra Pachauri



When: Thursday 23 October at 7:30pm.Where: John Niland Scientia Building



http://www.unsw.edu.au/news/pad/wallacewurth.html

Ministers convinced: financial crisis should not shatter global efforts for the climate

Press Release
14 October 2008

Ministers convinced: financial crisis should not shatter global efforts for the climate

The summary of the informal consultations preceding COP 14.

COP14 is the 14th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), along with the 4th Session of the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol), which will take place on 1 – 12 December 2008 in Poznan, Poland


On the 13th and 14th of October, over 40 Heads of the Environment units and the high level representatives from all over the world arrived to Warsaw for the invitation of Prof. Maciej Nowicki, Minister of Environment. The future COP 14 President is making preparation for the global negotiations that will be led by him during the December Climate Conference in Poznań. All the ministers expressed their strong belief that Poznań is going to be the mile stone for the new global agreement on climate changes. Moreover, they agreed that the current financial crisis should not stop works on the climate protection.

The Warsaw ministerial meeting was of informal character. As one of the results of the consultations, the Minister Nowicki’s negotiating strategy for COP 14 will be prepared. Consequently, the two main areas discussed during these consultations were: balance of the works progress according to Bali action plan and developing of long term common vision of cooperation on the climate changes. It has also been agreed that during the Poznań summit high level segment, Round Table of ministers and heads of the delegations from all over the world will take place. The subject of this meeting will be the realization of the long term vision of the climate protection in order to prevent the further negative consequences of climate changes.

The representatives of the international community present in Warsaw agreed that the progress has been made, still there is need to work and achieve the results faster. How to make a progress in Poznań? What to do to mobilize the international community to act in order to make Poznań a mile stone for the next agreement? The strong political will and determination presented by the countries to further action and to reach the satisfactory effects in Poznań can be an answer.

Participants of the meeting referred also to the economic crisis on the world wide markets.

Minister Nowicki (above) pointed out that the financial crisis should not be an excuse for not undertaking rapid actions.

Joining efforts against financial crisis and climate changes we could reach benefits for the whole world – said Minister Maciej Nowicki.


Yvo de Boer (above), Executive secretary of UNFCCC added – This meeting was very helpful for reaching a consensus in main issues that will be discussed in Poznań.

The participants highly appreciated organization and course of the meeting: The logistic of the consultations was very good – said Paula Granada, Argentina.

Two days meeting was a prelude to the events that will take place at the end of this year in Poland. The results of the talks will be significant base for Ministers Nowicki’s preparation for the role of the COP 14 President. For the time of the CO 14 Conference, Minister will become a neutral moderator of the global discussion and his role will be to reach an agreement between the countries – parties of the Climate Conference.

Among the participants of the informal consultations, there were representatives of the following countries: Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Bahamas, Barbados, Brazil, Canada, China, Costa Rica, Czech Republic, Germany, European Commission, France, Denmark, Grenada, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Maldives, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Philippines, Republic of South Africa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Spain, ,Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania, Tuvalu, Ukraine, United Kingdome, the United States and UNFCCC Secretariat.

Minister Nowicki’s preparations for COP 14 Presidency last for several months. Until now, he has taken part in a number of meetings with the most important participants of the process shaping climate policy in the world.

http://www.cop14.gov.pl/index.php?lang=EN

Americans and climate change

Closing the gap between science and action: A Synthesis of Insights and Recommendations from the 2005 Yale Forestry and Environmental Services Conference on climate change.

In 2005 the Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies convened 110 leaders and thinkers in Aspen, Colorado, and asked them to diagnose the reasons for the gap between climate science and action, and to generate recommendations to address it. This report discusses findings from the conference.

Website: http://environment.yale.edu/climate

Download PDF

What do people think??

Comments most welcome !!

Please check out:

US views on climate change

Environmentalists draft roadmap for Obama

Governors' Global Climate Summit

California Climate Risk and Response

Combating Climate Change and Boosting Growth Are Natural Allies

UK 'needs tougher climate target'

Here is a story from the BBC about the UK government needing to set a target of at least 80% reduction by 2050 (also aviation and shipping must be included in any scheme to reduce emissions).

UK 'needs tougher climate target'

By Roger Harrabin
Environment analyst,
BBC News

The UK government's official climate change advisers have raised the bar on ambitions to cut emissions.

The Committee on Climate Change (CCC) said a cut in greenhouse gas emissions of at least 80% by 2050 should include international aviation and shipping.

It said other industries would have to make up any shortfall in those areas.

Prime Minister Gordon Brown has intimated at an 80% cut, but ministers have been wary of counting aviation and shipping, where cuts are difficult.

Mr Brown hinted at the Labour Party conference that the UK would need to cut emissions to just one fifth of the current amount - a task of staggering ambition.

Source:

US plan to cap and trade emissions

"Politically, scientifically, legally, and morally, the question has been settled: regulation of greenhouse gases in the United States is coming,"

So wrote John Dingell (House Energy and Commerce Committee Chairman) and Rick Boucher (energy and air quality subcommittee Chairman) in a letter explaining the 461-page draft, which has been in the works for two years and was the subject of more than two dozen hearings.

US Democrats released draft legislation to reduce emissions, which will be refined in coming months for introduction year.

It suggests capping emissions by 80% come 2050.

More at:

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What do people think??

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Comments most welcome !!

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Please check out:

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US views on climate change

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Governors' Global Climate Summit

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California Climate Risk and Response

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Combating Climate Change and Boosting Growth Are Natural Allies

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Change is in the Air: The Foundations of the Coming American Carbon Market

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7 US states and 4 Canadian provinces have plan to cut emissions

The final countdown

Time is fast running out to stop irreversible climate change, a group of global warming experts warns today. They suggest we have only 100 months to avoid disaster. Here is a great article that warns that we need to act now (well with 100 months anyway).
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Andrew Simms
The guardian
Friday August 1 2008

The Final Countdown

"in just 100 months' time, if we are lucky, and based on a quite conservative estimate, we could reach a tipping point for the beginnings of runaway climate change."

"The concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere today, the most prevalent greenhouse gas, is the highest it has been for the past 650,000 years. In the space of just 250 years, as a result of the coal-fired Industrial Revolution, and changes to land use such as the growth of cities and the felling of forests, we have released, cumulatively, more than 1,800bn tonnes of CO2 into the atmosphere. Currently, approximately 1,000 tonnes of CO2 are released into the Earth's atmosphere every second, due to human activity."

"Because of such self-reinforcing positive feedbacks (which, because of the accidental humour of science, we must remind ourselves are, in fact, negative), once a critical greenhouse concentration threshold is passed, global warming will continue even if we stop releasing additional greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. If that happens, the Earth's climate will shift into another, more volatile state, with different ocean circulation, wind and rainfall patterns. The implications of which, according to a growing litany of research, are potentially catastrophic for life on Earth. Such a change in the state of the climate system is often referred to as irreversible climate change."

"So, how exactly do we arrive at the ticking clock of 100 months? It's possible to estimate the length of time it will take to reach a tipping point. To do so you combine current greenhouse gas concentrations with the best estimates for the rates at which emissions are growing, the maximum concentration of greenhouse gases allowable to forestall potentially irreversible changes to the climate system, and the effect of those environmental feedbacks. We followed the latest data and trends for carbon dioxide, then made allowances for all human interferences that influence temperatures, both those with warming and cooling effects. We followed the judgments of the mainstream climate science community, represented by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), on what it will take to retain a good chance of not crossing the critical threshold of the Earth's average surface temperature rising by 2C above pre-industrial levels. We were cautious in several ways, optimistic even, and perhaps too much so. A rise of 2C may mask big problems that begin at a lower level of warming. For example, collapse of the Greenland ice sheet is more than likely to be triggered by a local warming of 2.7C, which could correspond to a global mean temperature increase of 2C or less. The disintegration of the Greenland ice sheet could correspond to a sea-level rise of up to 7 metres."

"In arriving at our timescale, we also used the lower end of threats in assessing the impact of vanishing ice cover and other carbon-cycle feedbacks (those wanting more can download a note on method from onehundredmonths.org). But the result is worrying enough."

For regular suggestions for what individuals and groups can do to take action, and links to a wide range of organisations supporting the focus on the 100 months countdown, go to:

onehundredmonths.org.

The Green New Deal can be downloaded at neweconomics.org

Source:

http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2008/aug/01/climatechange.carbonemissions

UNDP - Bali Action Plan Briefing Documents

These briefing documents are designed to provide policy makers with key background information – and important insights into current proposals under negotiation – on the four Bali Action Plan building blocks (i.e., mitigation, adaptation, technology, and finance) and land use, land-use change and forestry.

• National Policies and their Linkages to Negotiations over a Future International Climate Change Agreemen

• Climate Change Mitigation Negotiations, with an Emphasis on Options for Developing Countries

• Negotiations on Additional Investment and Financial Flows to Address Climate Change in Developing Countries

• Adaptation to Climate Change: the New Challenge for Development in the Developing World

• Mitigation Technology Challenges: Considerations for National Policy Makers to Address Climate Change

• Key Issues in Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry, with an Emphasis on Developing Country Perspectives

Source:

http://www.undp.org/climatechange/documents.html

Experts warn species in peril from climate change

Pic: The American Pika was placed on the IUCN Red List.

Recent studies suggest that Pika species populations are declining due to various factors, most notably global warming. A 2003 study, published in the Journal of Mammology, showed that 9 out of 25 sampled populations of American Pika had disappeared, causing biologists to conclude that the species is reaching extinction. As they live in the high and cooler mountain regions, they are very sensitive to high temperatures, and are considered to be one of the best early warning systems for detecting global warming in the western United States.

.................................................................................................................(Wiki)

By Brian Skoloff

Climate change threatens to kill off up to a third of the planet's species by the end of the century if urgent action isn't taken to restore fragile ecosystems, protect endangered animals and manage growth, scientists warned Wednesday as a wildlife summit opened.

Experts noted that many plants and animals have temperature-specific habitats. A change of only a few degrees can kill them or send them seeking a better home.

"Species are moving to track what is the most ideal climate for them," Brennan said, adding that many are "desperately trying" to find their way through a maze of dams, development and other manmade obstacles along their natural corridors.

Brennan and others said creating wildlife pathways so animals can move freely northward as temperatures warm could mean the difference between survival and extinction.

"We have to have the ability for species to move and when they get there, wherever there is, it needs to be an intact and healthy ecosystem," Brennan said.

As the Earth's temperature rises, entire habitats will change, consumed by weather extremes, fires, pest outbreaks and invasions of nonnative species, said Virginia Burkett, a chief scientist at the U.S. Geological Survey.

Burkett cited the decline of the American pika, a small mountain-dwelling mammal also known as a rock-rabbit that is typically found in the western U.S. and Canada. The rodent maintains a body temperature topping 100 degrees, but with just a few degrees of climate change, "this animal will die," Burkett said.

She said officials need to begin reducing the non-climate change related stressors, "stop draining the wetlands, damming rivers."

Nature, she said, is highly adaptable and can be its own best protector against the effects of climate change if it can function, well, naturally.

Coastal growth also must be controlled and limited to allow for "wetlands to migrate inland naturally as sea level rise accelerates, and they can't do that if there's a road or a condominium there," Burkett added.

Source


** If you enjoyed this post please also check out:

Experts warn species in peril from climate change

Saving the Superb Parrot

Orange Bellied Parrot

Use 'synthetic trees' to capture carbon?

Save Blinky from Extinction

Allan Schnaiberg


COMMENTS ALWAYS WELCOME !!

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So please, tell us what you think.

Saving the Superb Parrot

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The Superb Parrot is one of Australia's most striking birds, but habitat decline has reduced their numbers to less than 5000.

Key threats:

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Superb Parrots are threatened by Removal of hollow bearing trees and clearing other remnant woodland vegetation. The poor levels of natural regeneration of their habitat add to the pressure of habitat loss.

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Parrots feeding on grain spilled onto roads from transport trucks are often struck by vehicles, resulting in high mortality for many populations.

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Competition from feral bees and pressure from illegal trapping are additional problems for Superb Parrots.

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Source

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** If you enjoyed this post, please check out:

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Orange Bellied Parrot

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King Parrot in the wild

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Met Office's bleak forecast on climate change

Vicky Pope

The Guardian

Wed Oct 1 2008

The head of the Met Office catre for climate change research explains why the momentum on emissions targets must not be lost.

When it comes to climate change, the scientific evidence has to be at the core of any decision-making. Governments need to understand the consequences of choosing particular targets, but they also need to understand what will happen if targets are missed or if they cannot be agreed on by all countries. Failures could have far-reaching consequences.

The latest climate model projections from the Met Office Hadley Centre show clearly that such failures could have worrying and significant consequences for the world's climate. Even with large and early cuts in emissions, these projections indicate that temperatures are likely to rise to around 2C above pre-industrial levels by the end of the century. If action is delayed or is slow, then there is a significant risk of much larger increases in temperature. The uncertainties in the science mean that even if the most likely temperature rise is kept within reasonable limits, we cannot rule out the possibility of much larger increases. Adaptation strategies are therefore needed to deal with these less likely, but still real, possibilities.

Temperature rises

Jason Lowe, a climate scientist, and other colleagues at the Hadley Centre have conducted a series of "what if" climate projections, to give a better understanding of the temperature rises we could expect if action on reducing greenhouse gas emissions is slow or delayed.

In the first scenario, emissions continue to rise throughout the century. In the other scenarios, emission reductions have been imposed at various times and at various rates.

In the most optimistic scenario, emissions start to decrease in 2010, and reductions quickly reach 3% per year. This contrasts sharply with current trends, where the world's overall emissions are increasing at 1% per year - faster than even the worst cases used in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emissions scenarios.

What is very clear is that some increase in temperature is inevitable in the next century, and that the decisions and actions that the world takes now will have a profound impact on the climate later this century.

Even if emissions start to decrease in the next two years and reach a rapid and sustained rate of decline of 3% per year, temperatures are likely to rise to 1.7C above pre-industrial levels by 2050 and to around 2C by 2100. This is because carbon dioxide already in the atmosphere will be around for many years to come and the climate takes some time to respond to these changes. Only an early and rapid decline in emissions gets anywhere close to the target of 50% reduction in emissions by 2050 put forward by the G8.

Contrast that with a world where no action is taken to curb global warming. Then, temperatures could rise as high as 7C above pre-industrial values by the end of the century. This would lead to significant risks of severe and irreversible impacts.

Lowe's two other scenarios are also significant. The consequences of a late decline in emissions are apparent by 2050. Delaying reduction of emissions until 2030, results in a further 0.5C of warming by 2050 compared with early, if slow, reduction from 2010. By the end of the century the differences are even greater - more than 1C.

The consequences of an early but slow decline in emissions of 1% per year, compared with a rapid decline, appear to be small in 2050. However, they increase to 0.8C by the end of the century.

Overall, a delayed and slow decline in emissions would probably lead to nearly 2C more warming than an early and rapid decline in global emissions - a total temperature rise of 4C above pre-industrial levels.

The implications of these levels of temperature change are very serious, but the central projections are not the only things we should be worried by. When commentators look at these projections, they tend to concentrate on the most likely temperature rises. However, if we are concerned about keeping to a minimum the risks of avoiding dangerous climate change, we should also consider the worst case outcome. This will occur if the climate turns out to be particularly sensitive to increases in greenhouse gases and the Earth's biological systems cannot absorb very much carbon.

Dangerous impacts

The risks for worst case outcomes amplify much more quickly than the risks for most likely outcomes. For an early and rapid decline in emissions, the worst case outcome is around 0.7C higher than the most likely temperature rise. With much slower action taken much later, the difference between the most likely and worst case outcome is almost twice as wide, at 1.2C. This takes a worst case temperature rise of less than 3C to one just above 5C by the end of this century, bringing with it significant risk of dangerous impacts to our environment, society and economy.

A major reason for this amplification is the so-called "carbon cycle effect". Plants, soils and oceans currently absorb about half of the carbon dioxide emitted by humankind's activities, limiting rises in atmospheric CO2 and slowing global warming. As temperatures increase, this absorption is very likely to decrease.

For example, plant matter in the soil breaks down more quickly at higher temperatures, releasing carbon more quickly, and amplifying the warming trend. Methane released from the thawing of permafrost will add to the warming. This methane release is currently not included in the calculations, and becomes more of a risk for larger temperature rises.

Hence, the risks of dangerous climate change will not increase slowly as greenhouse gases increase. Rather, the risks will multiply if we do not reduce emissions fast enough.

• Vicky Pope is head of climate change for government at the Met Office's Hadley Centre.

http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2008/oct/01/climatechange.carbonemissions

Forced Migration Review:Issue on Climate change and displacement

This 80-page issue of Forced Migration Review (FMR), published by the Refugee Studies Centre of Oxford University, includes a major focus on climate change and displacement and is now online at:

http://www.fmreview.org/climatechange.htm

In response to growing pressures on landscapes and livelihoods, people are moving, communities are adapting.

This issue of FMR debates the numbers, the definitions and the modalities – and the tension between the need for research and the need to act.

Thirty-eight articles by UN, academic, international and local actors explore the extent of the potential displacement crisis, community adaptation and coping strategies, and the search for solutions.

Slums of Lagos, Nigeria

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Look at this photo and think about 'what is the difference between a NEED and a WANT?
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What do I really need?
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Health, clean water, food, clean air, open spaces, friends, family, etc.
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What do I really want ????
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Sustainable future for all living on planet Earth.
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What does society need ????
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Sustainable future for all.

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** If you enjoyed this post please also check out:
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Boost the economy and tackle poverty at the same time
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Communicating Climate Change
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Splitting: 'jobs' versus 'the environment'
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Combating Climate Change and Boosting Growth Are Natural Allies

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Gambling with climate change

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COMMENTS ALWAYS WELCOME !!
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So please, tell us what you think.

Costly PR over climate change

Here is a story from The Australian suggesting the Garnaut Report was only 'costly' PR for the federal government.

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Christian Kerr
The Australian
September 30, 2008

KEVIN Rudd has cut back on government advertising - but is he just running multi-million-dollar PR campaigns instead? That's the impression created by the Garnaut Climate Change Review.

Approached for a comment on the Garnaut process on Sunday, a spokeswoman for Climate Change Minister Penny Wong offered these lines: "Professor Ross Garnaut's independent review is an important contribution to the Government's thinking on a range of climate change policy issues.

"Professor Garnaut is one of Australia's most esteemed economists and he has already made strong contributions to the debate.

"The Australian Treasury will release further modelling in October.

"More generally, the Government is consulting widely with industry and the broader community on the design of the CPRS (carbon pollution reduction scheme)."

That sounds like a polite dismissal of his work.

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